THE PROCESS OF RESETTLEMENT IN KAZAKHSTAN IN THE 1920S–1930S

Abstract

Abstract. This article describes the historical events of the resettlement process in Kazakhstan in the 1920s and 1930s. Particular attention is paid to the forced resettlement of the common population under harsh and merciless Soviet policies. Political persecution at that time included measures to confiscate property from wealthy and affluent groups, such as peasants, as well as from middle-class and poor peasants. These measures included mass collectivization, the forced resettlement of nomadic people, and harsh crackdowns on grain and meat collection. These actions were a true catastrophe for the population and triggered a process of mass resettlement. First, prosperous peasant farms were destroyed and evicted, and then a wave of migration swept through the countryside and entire villages. In response to the brutality of the authorities, peasants revolted, but their demands were not met, and their organizers were brutally suppressed. Border regions became a place of desperate struggle for survival for many Kazakhs, the last hope for those trying to avoid starvation. The purpose of this article is to examine the migration process in Kazakhstan in the 1920s and 1930s from a scientific perspective. The tragic events of this historical era touched every corner of Kazakhstan and became the basis for the multifaceted nature of the migration problem.