DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE IN THE CITY OF ATYRAU (second half of the ХІХ century and ХХ century)

Abstract

Abstract. The article explores the history of the development of education and science in Atyrau (formerly Guryev). The first schools in this region began to open in the second half of the 19th century, and by the 20th century, Atyrau had become a center of education and science. Secondary schools, higher educational institutions, research institutes, and laboratories were established, improving the quality of the education system. Moreover, the city's industrialization significantly influenced the development of the education sector. The scientific potential of Atyrau is also evident in the oil and gas industry. Research institutes and experimental laboratories are focused on developing new technologies in this field. Nowadays, the education and scientific research sectors in Atyrau are rapidly evolving, with many young people enhancing their knowledge, obtaining excellent education, and achieving successful results in science. Education and science are the foundation of a nation's socio-economic development. They contribute not only to the personal growth of individuals but also to the progress of society as a whole. A high-quality education system raises the intellectual level of the nation, fosters new ideas and innovations, and advances various sectors such as industry and medicine. Science facilitates the development of new technologies and methods, leading to breakthroughs in multiple fields. Science enables new technologies and achievements to be introduced, driving progress in the economy and production sectors. One of the key factors in enhancing national competitiveness and securing a place in the global arena is the advancement of science and education.