THE UPBRINGING AND PERSONALITY OF GENGHIS KHAN'S CHILDREN

Abstract

Abstract. The issue of raising children in the family of Genghis Khan is of great scientific and practical pedagogical interest. It will be mainly about four sons born from the eldest wife from the Kungirad clan Borte. Jochi, Chagatai, Ogedei and Tolui had different abilities, susceptibility to knowledge during their studies, reactions to the same events. All of them made a significant contribution to the construction of the Mongol Empire, to the history of the vast Eurasian space. We can draw scattered information from the sources of the chronicle and mythical genre. The requirements of the kagan for his children were too high, he wanted to see in them obedient sons, brave warriors, devoted co-rulers and vassals, future skilful rulers.

The materials are drawn from the most important work about the family, the shezhire of Genghis Khan, «Yuan chao bi shi» (元朝秘史-The Secret History of the Yuan Dynasty), preserved in Chinese transliteration. Mongolyn nuuts tovchoo - in Mongolian). Republished in Shanghai under the original title《蒙古秘史》上海:古籍出版社出版的图书, 2008. Other titles for this epic narrative are The Secret History of the Mongols (abbreviated: TIM), The Secret History of the Mongols, The History of the Mongols. Synonyms «secret», «secret» appeared from the understanding and translation of the hieroglyph 秘 mi – secret, secret. However, this hieroglyph has another reading – «bi», «bishi», possibly a transliteration of the Mongolian word «bichig» – the old Mongolian letter, alphabet. Is this not a hint that the original manuscript was written by this letter, or is it simply to be understood as a «narrative». References are given according to the translation by S.A. Kozina (1879-1956). «The Secret History of the Mongols» (abbreviated: SHM). He understood the sacred meaning of this outstanding written monument for the Mongolian and Turkic nomads, calling it «Secret». However, the style of his translation, according to N.Ts. Munkuev (1922-1986), is not epic. It is reminiscent of Siberian tales. Thus, the title of the manuscript is given from outside. The author relied on the paragraphs of the publication of the text by B.I. Pankratov in the series Cultural Monuments of the Peoples of the East in 1963 and a paragraph of the translation of the source – «The Secret History». In parallel, comparing them with publications and translations in other languages and at different times.

For citation: Khafizova K.Sh. The upbringing and personality of Genghis khan’s children // MUSEUM.KZ. 2023. № 2 (1), pp. 5-15. DOI 10.59103/muzkz.2023.02.01