THE PROBLEM OF THE NAMES OF THE GENGHISID STATES

Abstract

Abstract. In the article, the author again draws attention to the problem of the names of Chingizid states.

The materials for the study were information from medieval historical writings by Muslim authors, data from archival documents, and the results of scientific research.

In the course of the work, the author points out that in the historiography of recent years, the name Ulug Ұlus is used by a number of researchers as the original name of the Golden Horde, but he considers it illegal to use this name in relation to the Golden Horde before the reign of Toktamysh Khan. Only 1380s. Toktamysh Khan takes the name Ulug Ulus (Ұлұғ Ұлұс), because. by this time, not only the Batuid State had perished, but also the state that legally claimed supremacy in all the possessions of the Genghisides – the Yuan Empire.

After the collapse of the United Juchid State of Toktamysh Khan and his sons, seniority passes to the House of Nugman (distorted in Russian sources as «Nomogan» – «Nomogan yurt»). Later, the proclaimed seniority passes from the House of Nugman and its heir  «Takht Eli» – the «Great Horde» to the Crimean Khanate.

From the neighboring Nogai Horde in the west, the country to the east of the Yaik and Zhem rivers gets the name  «Orus khannyn yurty», later after the successor of Urus-khan Khan Barak –  «Barak khan yurty». Combining these names – «Orus khan men Barak khannyn kazak yurt» – in the transmission by Moscow clerks translated as «Urus khans and Barak khans Cossack yurt». These stable names of the Kazakh Khanate appeared in the 30-80s. 16th century in the diplomatic correspondence of the Nogai Horde and the Muscovite state. The Kazakh Khanate in the documents of Moscow was consistently designated as the «Cossack Horde» during the 16th – early 18th centuries.

For citation: Isin A.I. The problem of the names of the Genghisid states // MUSEUM.KZ. 2023. №
2 (1), рр. 16-21. DOI 10.59103/muzkz.2023.02.02