ON THE PRINCIPLES, METHODS, AND REGULATORY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF THE SCIENTIFIC RESTORATION AND CONSERVATION OF MUSEUM OBJECTS (based on the experience of the restoration activities of the National Central Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan)

Abstract

Abstract. The article examines the theoretical and practical foundations and principles of scientific restoration and conservation activities in museums, using museum collection objects as examples. Scientific restoration and conservation are considered as interdisciplinary processes based on a comprehensive study of the materials from which a particular museum object was made, its manufacturing technology, physical condition, and the causes of deterioration. Particular attention is paid to the fundamental principles of museum restoration: scientific justification, preservation of the object's authenticity and, consequently, minimal intervention, reversibility of restoration additions, and documentary recording of all stages of the work performed.

The study analyzes the main stages involved in transferring museum artifacts for restoration and examines the role of the Restoration Council as an expert and advisory body. Specific examples of the processes and stages of restoring museum objects, including traditional Kazakh carpets and wooden artifacts, are presented. The study demonstrates the specificity of selecting restoration approaches, materials, and methods according to the condition of the objects, the technological characteristics of their manufacture, and the nature of their damage. It substantiates the need for consistency and logical coherence in scientific restoration, both in the methods employed and in the sequence and justification of restoration decisions, as well as compliance with ethical principles and proper documentation.

Museum restoration is also considered as a method of ethnosource studies, enabling the identification of both traditional technological characteristics and the historical and cultural features of museum objects.