MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE DENTAL SYSTEM OF THE POPULATION OF THE TURKIC PERIOD OF KAZAKHSTAN

Abstract

In modern physical anthropology, a significant place is given to the study of the morphology of the dental system. Odontological data contain important information in the study of ethnogenetic processes of ancient and modern population. In this article, for the first time, an odontological study of craniological materials of the Turkic period of Kazakhstan was carried out. The historical chronology of these materials covers the Turkic period of the 6^th -10^th  cc. AD. The results of the study allow us to draw conclusions about the Western odontogenetic basis in the anthropological composition of the population of the Turkic period. The eastern elements are very poorly reflected. This is evidenced by the signs of the "eastern" complex of enamel congestion on the second molar, variant 3 (eo3) of the eoconus tubercle on the first upper molar. In general, the comparative analysis definitely indicates the similarity of the inhabitants of the Turkic period with the Kultobe series.

The odontological material was studied according to the methodology and program developed by A.A. Zubov and his scientific school [Zubov, 1968, 1973; Zubov, Chaldeev, 1993]. The research program was conducted on 17 odontoscopic and 2 odontoglyphic signs. In this article, the following taxonomic features are investigated: the shovel-shaped shape of the upper incisors (shov I1,I2 2+3), the Carabelli tubercle (Cara 2-5), reduction of the hypoconus on the second upper molar (hy3+,3), the distal trigonid crest (dtc), the knee fold of the metaconid (dw), four, six-lobed forms lower molars (M4,M6) anterior fossa on the molars (fa), enamel swelling on the second upper and lower molars, confluence of the second furrow of the metaconid on the first lower molar (2med II), the shape of the first furrow of the eoconus (1eo). Due to the small number, the study of odontological signs was carried out according to the typological method. A graphical method was also used for comparative analysis.