FROM KIPCHAKS TO KAZAKHS. POLITICAL HISTORY OF DASHT-I-KIPCHAK IN THE 13TH – EARLY 16TH CENTURY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59103/muzkz.2024.05.02Keywords:
Chingizids, Eastern Dаsht-i-Kypchak, Kok-Orda, nomadic Uzbeks, Nogai Horde, Kazakh KhanateAbstract
. This article is devoted to the political history of the eastern part of Desht-i Kypchak. It is important to trace how political structures evolved from the polities of the Kypchak world to the Kazakh statehood. This study covers the Golden Horde and Early Kazakh periods.
The purpose of this work is to analyze the main trends in the political history of eastern Desht-i Kipchak in the 13th - early 16th centuries.
The purpose of this work is to show the evolution of statehood on the territory of eastern Desht-i Kypchak from a wing within the Golden Horde to national statehood.
The work uses comparative and problem-chronological research methods. The comparative method consists in comparing the processes that took place in the Golden Horde, the state of nomadic Uzbeks and in the Kazakh Khanate. The problem-chronological method consists in searching for general patterns of political processes at a certain point in time.
The novelty of the research lies in the search for the Golden Horde roots of the Kazakh statehood.
Continuity of traditions is characteristic of the Turkic statehood on the territory of Eastern Dasht-i-Kipchak. The Chingizids were at the head of the states, and not the people of the black bone, as, for example, in the Mangyt Yurt (Nogai Horde). Although they belonged to different branches of the Chingizids, the Chingizid tradition continued to exist. The same territory of the former left wing of the Golden Horde is characteristic of the Kok-Orda under Urus-khan, the state of nomadic Uzbeks Abu-l-Khair and the Kazakh khanate of Kasym-khan. The rulers of the Kazakh Khanate came from the clan of the rulers of the Kok-Orda (specifically from the clan of Tukа-Timurids from which Urus-khan originated). For the state of nomadic Uzbeks and the Kazakh Khanate, the enemy invariably turned out to be the one who ruled in Maverannahr and in the west of Eastern Desht-i Kypchak. In addition, the Kok-Orda, nomadic Uzbeks and Kazakhs under the first khans were characterized by strong khan power.
